You're going to stay below the circuit breaker rating no matter the voltage. Nobody's going to put a 2,400 watt heater in a dishwasher designed to be used on a circuit that tops out at 2,400 watts because:

a.) I'm going to go out on a limb and suggest that most countries will place limits similar to the NEC's 80% rule.

b.) There are other high current draw devices in a dishwasher that will have to run concurrently like the water pumps.

Same with things like electric kettles. You're not going to find 1,800 watt kettles in the US even though they're designed for circuits rated at that. A quick peek at the kettles available in Australia show that most top out at 2,200 watts for the same reasons.

In the context of a dishwasher 240V would only get you more powerful heaters than you could run in the US if the circuits were rated at more than 10 amps. Voltage isn't the issue.