What? No it doesn't.

  fn square(n: i32) -> i32 {
      n * n
  }

Though in this case it's more like knowing that the specific way you call the function in foo.rs will never get back a -2.

  fn bar(n: i32, allow_negative: bool) -> i32 {
      let new = n * 2;
      if allow_negative || new >= 0 { new } else { 0 }
  }
  bar(x, false)

Some call points to a function that returns an int will never return -2.

Sometimes you know things the type system does not know.