I don't think any type of understanding TS would require changing ECMAScript spec. Would a TypeScript-understanding parser not be able to handle normal ECMAScript correctly? It could switch between two modes based on the file type.
For option 1 the speed of TS development is not an issue, as Chrome would only need to include some up-to-date compiler, and the TS files could specify their TS version. But doing TS compilation in the browser would only be a small nice thing for devs, for website users it would be a downgrade, as the page load would be slower because of the compiling and the larger file sizes (JS files can already be very big these days).