We sometimes see similar localized effects when wealthy foreign governments and NGOs go into poor countries to "help" with foreign aid and investment. When done correctly this can boost the local economy in a sustainable way, kind of priming the pump. But often it just dumps a lot of cash in, causing price inflation as the supply of goods and services fails to keep pace with the supply of money.

In the latter 1800 there wasn't enough gold to accommodate the vast increases in industrial production. Which was deflationary.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_of_Gold_speech

You can imagine every year the price per bushel of the wheat you grow drops and your mortgage stays the same. When your whole economy is like that no one wants to borrow or lend money and investment slows.

No, inflation is just an increase in prices. Insisting it is only due to an increase in the money supply is an RW talking point.