In contrast, the posted article uses a very specific, non-standard, and "apple-to-oranges" benchmark. It is essentially comparing a complete game engine initialization against a minimal console app (as far as I understand), which explains the massive 3x-15x differences reported. The author is actually measuring "Unity Engine Overhead + Mono vs. Raw .NET", not actually "Mono vs. .NET" as advertized. The "15x" figure comes very likely from the specific microbenchmark (struct heavy loop) where Mono's optimizer fails, extrapolated to imply the whole runtime is that much slower.