Let’s put aside that this is a 10 year old phone now and well and truly obsolete, you actually didn’t get the basic maintenance done. Batteries all fail and degrade with time, especially if abused and left in extreme heat.
The original SE had perhaps the most user replaceable battery in an iPhone. No parts serialization, aside from the touchid cable being a little finicky it is an easy and cheap battery swap. Also it was probably degraded for some time so you were getting CPU throttling to keep it from randomly shutting off.
I do not understand people like you. Do you buy a car and never change the oil or tires, then complain it breaks and buy a new one?
It is pretty much a requirement now to either greatly overpay for a battery replacement from Apple or get a service plan from them, or just limp along with worn out shit and hope it doesn’t blow the back off. Can’t DIY or goto a third party repair shop, the battery is paired to the device.
Finally, before we even get into the ‘trivially easy to replace’ end user design, it’s not going to fix the problem of the asshole that won’t pay $10 for a batt in their bulging $500-1200 idevice. I saw this all the time with laptops that did have easily replaceable packs, people just didn’t do it. They’d just live with 20min battery if they were lucky and run it into the ground.
To top it all off you then go onto weird virtue signaling about children breathing recycling fumes, how about you climb off your high horse and maintain your own equipment for a change? Maybe stop fighting against the people that DO want to be able to maintain their own equipment.