I worked a university lab and had an account on the lab server. I could walk up to any computer in the lab and login and get the exact same desktop experience with all my files and settings. The computing power was all on the local machine, but it basically mounted my user folder from the server.
That was the only time I worked anywhere with that setup on Macs, but it worked so well. Though it was admittedly not your standard office environment — there were frequent compelling reasons for me to be using different machines in different parts of the lab, and not a lot of compelling reasons for me to use that account from a computer on a remote network.
I don't pay extra for have less options than on PC hardware, my desktop and laptops can be upgraded at will and without gunpoint prices (forgetting about the whole AI stuff that affects everyone anyway), thus all my use of Apple hardware is project specific and taken from the company's hardware pool.
If you need anything other than a base configuration that’s not true anymore because apple makes stupid money on their $200 upgrades of 8 gb of ram but if you are a low grade consumer who doesn’t need anything other than the base configuration you would be hard pressed to convince me that the base models of their products are worse value than their non apple equivalents
What problems do you see with multiple users on macOS? I don't use it intensively, but I've never noticed issues.
I actually don't know if Windows or ChromeOS support this either but this is certainly something Linux can with LUKS et. al.
Still a problem for me, and has been for years, but I may be holding it wrong. https://discussions.apple.com/thread/255929514?sortBy=rank
The solution posted in the discussion is not really secure.
Here's an early one I found: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJKRgs2IUg4&t=7s ("18 years ago")