The concrete scenario is AI agent execution. Agent calls a third-party API at 3am — you have your logs, they have theirs, and if there's a dispute you're comparing two mutable records. Sealing both the request hash and response hash with an RFC 3161 timestamp before the agent proceeds gives you a neutral third-party witness. Not zero-knowledge — content is visible — but for audit and dispute resolution it covers 90% of real cases and is deployable today without ZKP overhead.

Got it.

The scenario I'm describing there is how a service like AWS has the ability to tamper with your code or its output. If instead, each response came with a ZK proof showing that the inputs you provided lead to the outputs it returned, you could efficiently verify that nothing was modified.