Nick Morley from Grounded AI here (
https://groundedai.company)
We collaborated with Nature here to study the extent of fake/frankenstein citations in scholarly literature (from top 5 publishers - Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Sage, Taylor & Francis)
We're estimating hundreds of thousands of papers affected in 2025 with hallucinated citation issues
As part of the work we analysed 20k papers generated with ChatGPT API to figure out which citation errors are characteristic of gen AI use and use that classify the errors we saw in the wild.
The world's gone mad, publishing is in a nuts state, the training data is poisoned!
