The situation you reference is related to a specific investigation by US congress requesting documents about potentially illegal censorship actions by EU officials from a specific company (microsoft). The difference is that the laws in china are broadly defined to include giving all intellectual property of anyone back to the government with no oversight, for the purposes of espionage.
The former relates to a specific investigation about potential criminal activity, the latter relates to broad illegal activity committed by the government itself unrelated to any specific case.
The US has no laws on the books forcing companies to wantonly give intellectual property and other espionage level material back to the government. If they did, no one would use cloud providers.
To avoid this, you can run your own hosted machine in a colocation facility, because in the US, people do have reduced rights when their data is controlled by a third party versus being controlled by themselves. Its the same as if the data was in your house, they would need a search warrant to obtain it, but when its at a Azure or AWS datacenter not controlled by you, your privacy rights are reduced by doing this.
