And from there it's a interactive discussion drilling down on details until I understand the problem and the solutions better.
It definitely challenges my bias when I do this. The one thing it doesn't challenge is the X. Formulate the problem poorly, and you'll get a bad solution. Or rather, you'll end up with a good solution to the wrong problem. Which is even worse than a bad solution to the right problem.
Which is largely why I'm not at all worried about losing my job to AI. It takes some experience to formulate the problem correctly. I don't feel like I'm made redundant by AI, I'm just way faster than I used to be, my thinking is more abstract.
A good prompt I'll often use is "is there a industry standard solution that is applicable to this problem?" You very rarely want novel solutions. Don't reinvent the wheel just because AI lets you do it 10x as fast. Use a wheel. They're round for a reason.
Sometimes I find it useful to discuss things with a different model. I like Gemini for discussion and Claude for implementation. With Gemini I go about it as a learning session, discussing options and details. I honestly think this is mostly because it compartmentalizes the phases in a natural way for me. One interface for brainstorming and learning, and another for planning and implementing.
Sorry this comment turned into a rather disorganised collection of ramblings, I hope you can extract some kernel of usefulness from it all.