I was lucky enough to see some good teams when I was a student (both at Berkeley itself and by interning at Jane Street), and it totally changed my intuition for what good programming is like. It's gotten to the point where I'm convinced there are two incommensurable paradigms in programming, and we're constantly talking past each other.

Like, if you have an ongoing project where the codebase has grown over time, do you expect it to get easier to do things or harder? I've worked on projects where it's obvious that things are always getting harder (old code is hard to change, you have to deal with lots of complexity and edge cases and workarounds). I've also worked in codebases where things got easier over time: you get better abstractions, more libraries, more capabilities. That can be a lot of fun; you think of a new thing to try, and you have the pieces to just do it.

Or another point of comparison: do people think that writing good code slows you down (so it only makes sense to avoid bugs), or do people think that writing good code lets you move faster? I've talked to people for whom one or the other is totally and obviously true. (I'm solidly in the second camp myself.)

But the surprising thing was how "obvious" the dynamic was in both cases, even though the two cases are exact opposites of each other! If you ask one group or the other they'd just tell you that, well, that's simply how programming works. Of course things get (easier|harder) over time. That's built into people's fundamental understanding of what programming is and how to do it. And that's exactly what I mean by incommensurable paradigms.

Anyway, this is a bit of a tangent from the main discussion, but it's something I've been thinking about a bunch over the last few years, partly inspired by the advent of AI-powered programming, but largely thanks to experiencing some very different projects and teams...