One of the reasons I'll probably stick with ColorBrewer palettes for now is that I can easily find color schemes that are safe for people with colorblindness or for display in particular environments.
Looking at the team [2] the name of Bruno Latour as a director seems a bit out of place. After his controversial views on the social construction of science [3] I find it astonishing that he is put at the head of the department that is in charge of bridging the world of the social scientists with that of the quantitative methods and hard sciences.
[1] Grande école actually.
[0] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_Po
[2] http://www.medialab.sciences-po.fr/en/team/
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Latour#Laboratory_Life
I mean, the last thing we should want, as scientists, is to have blind faith in a quasi-religious, idealized view of how science works, rather than empirically investigating how it actually works. Plus he seems pretty interested lately in tying in some philosophical ideas with quantitative network-analysis methods: http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/123-WHOLE-PAR...
[1] Bloor's attack on Latour, http://reclus.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/bloor-anti-latour...., and a reply, http://www.melissa.ens-cachan.fr/IMG/pdf/latour_-_reponse_a_...
Here's his reply to those who misunderstand him as somehow denying reality: http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/70-DO-YOU-BEL...
And, next week he is delivering the Gifford Lectures, which should be fun. There is a webcast: http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2013/gifford-080213
It's a little hard to find in print, even in libraries. But I'm sure one could source a digital copy from a less reputable source.
Edit: found out it is based on Lab color space.
Go here for good color scales and spare yourself the risk of getting it all wrong: http://colorbrewer2.org
If you're going to not use colorbrewer, please, either know what you're doing (and if you're reading this comment, you don't) you either stick with black and white, or you at least use orange and blue (orange and blue is a combination that's safe with most common types of color-blindness, and also tends to separate well in black-and-white conversions).
Just as importantly: don't try to guess what colors look like for colorblind people, either (and don't do it in RGB space like the original post suggested either! RGB is a device-centric coordinate system; please use something like Lab or Luv). The rightest, simplest way to simulate different types of color blindness is to use define 2D affine subspaces of Lab space, like here: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/%7Eoliveira/pubs_files/CVD_Mass_Spri... (figure 2, in page 3)
And pure green (0,255,0) is really unpleasant.
http://vis4.net/blog/posts/avoid-equidistant-hsv-colors/
https://github.com/gka/chroma.js
The HCL color space is also available in this d3 module: https://github.com/d3/d3-plugins/tree/master/cie
I used the protovis categorical colors (http://mbostock.github.com/protovis/docs/color.html, see at the bottom of the page) when I needed a 20-color map recently.