The same way you spot other cargo cults: look at the team's processes critically. Start from the basics, with the Agile Manfiesto. It's well summarized on the Wikipedia page here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development#Agil....
I believe that manifesto is the only important part of Agile. Everything else is just suggestions about how to accomplish that goal. If a particular practice does not make sense for you, in your particular situation, then it's garbage. So, look at your team's processes and ask yourself this:
If you were to reverse engineer a process that would accomplish the goals of the Agile Manifesto (e.g. the developers know what needs to be built, and there's short feedback loops between developers and stakeholders), would you end up with something that looks like what they're doing? Could you drop any part of your process and have things still work?
If you discover too many red flags -- things that serve no purpose except to "look Agile" -- then you may be in a cargo cult.