Not with a strong cypher. Any single bit change in the source will result in what looks like a new pseudo-random output.
Determining the private key given the public key in RSA-2048 requires factorizing large blocks of very large numbers which is not practical given current computing hardware. People are working on "smart" attacks that solve the factorization problem from a theoretical math angle instead of a brute force computational approach and there is some consensus that RSA-2048 may be broken in the next few years. A transition to Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is underway and RSA has never been approved for Suite-A or Suite-B encryption which might lead one to believe that the NSA has known about the weakness of RSA for a long time.
