@21echoes covers everything else I wold add on this.
The US currency used to be backed by gold up until 1934 [1], as did several other countries[2]. But as times have moved on, there are several other minerals which have become more important, I think it would become too difficult to rely on just a single precious metal these days.
[1] http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/currency_12770.htm [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard