Advice?
You're a cashier at a bank and want to give the best experience for your customer, who just withdrew $248.67 from her account. The Python way would be to give this person two hundred dollar bills, two twenty dollar bills, a five dollar bill, a two dollar bill, a one dollar bill, a fifty cent piece, a dime, a nickle, and two pennies. Some one on the messge board will later tell you that the fifty cent piece has been deprecated and that you should have use two quarters. Also, the two dollar bill has performance issues and you should have just used two ones. It's pretty big and maybe not the best for your customer.
The Javascript way is much smaller and simpler. You'd just give the user 24,867 pennies. There's no variation in bills to memorize - just counting. You do get tired of counting after a while and your bank manager tells you a little secret. In the bank, there's premade bags in sizes of a ten thousand pennies, two thousand pennies, one thousand pennies, five hundred pennies, two hundred pennies, twenty-five pennies, ten pennies, and five pennies. So, you give the customer two ten thousand penny bags, two two-thousand penny bags, a five hundred penny bag, a two hundred penny bag, a one dollar bill, fourteen twenty five penny bags, a ten penny bag, a five penny bag, and two loose pennies.
You get tired of hauling all the pennies, so you decided to do things smaller and simpler. You do things the haskell way. You give the customer a two hundred forty-three dollar bill, a negative nine dollar bill, a three dollar bill, and a thirty-three cent piece. You require the customer to sign an oath stating that she won't just throw out the negative nine dollar, but will ensure that it is safely paired with a positive nine-dollar bill when it is returned to the bank for no value. For some reason, the thirty-three cent pieces are all in a drawer labelled "Monoid", and you're told it's because they're closed with the Yen under addition, as long as Japan keeps printing the zero Yen coin.
This isn't meant to be an attack on any of these languages. Any of them would be an excellent choice. The javascript way has a smaller number of denominations to memorize, but you wind up needing to learn a long list of premade baggies, which can make everything suddenly seem big. The Haskell way has a small, optimal set of denominations, but learning to figure out to put them together can make everything seem huge. The Python/Ruby way has more denominations than either, but some people think that they're easier to add up than the Haskell ones and more convenient to carry than the Javascript ones. So knowing which language is the smallest and easiest all depends on what you call small and easy.
Python is a great language to get started on because the code is relatively simple to write and read (for very geeky reasons), and the MIT OpenCourseWare intro to CS for non-majors class is a great way to pick up as much "core" programming ability as you need. That class is taught in Python. Underrated perk: errors are easier to diagnose relative to JavaScript.
Once you have a rudimentary grasp of Python, do the Django tutorial and build yourself a sample app. Django is the way to get up and going with a modern-ish MVC (model-view-controller; you'll see what it means) app. It's very easy to get going as a developer and the only headache you'll find is the Virtualenv thing. Easier than getting Rails (which is Django for Ruby) going for the first time, because Rails has the potential for more version conflicts.
Lastly, to build out web pages, consider Zurb Foundation or Twitter Bootstrap. These are premade CSS components that make building pages faster (thus good for "rapid prototyping"). They also bring along browser compatibility and jQuery for added UI niceness.
If you want to animate things on the page, search for animate.css.
I did this a couple years ago to build my first app and now I have a side project that I coded myself. You can do it! :D
In the case where you want to learn all aspects of building web-apps (and don't come from a computer science background), I would have to suggest you start out buy learning a framework like Ruby on Rails or Django (haven't tried flask, so can't tell). The reason I'd suggest one of these MVC frameworks is that you will learn a lot about the REST architecture (REST is the fundamentals of the modern web, you will probably be consuming REST services with JS frameworks). At least with rails it taught me the fundamentals, without even realising it. After figuring out how rails handled resources looking at APIs etc, all made sense. So for this reason I'd recommend people who don't have a CS background to learn from one of these frameworks - it really helped me fill in a lot of missing pieces when it comes to developing for the web. As for the language, I've tried both Ruby and Python, and found Ruby to be a bit more fun to write. It made programming seem like solving a puzzle rather than figuring out obscure syntax (which was the case for more 'hard core' languages like C++). Not to mention the fact that it seems to be the language of least surprises - more often than not, it does exactly what you expect it to do.
Sorry if I went on a bit of a tangent. Wrote this in a hurry. Hope it helps.
If you're someone who can just read a book and go from there, try a few books and go with whatever one you like most. If you prefer learning by being taught, find courses need you and learn the language that they teach. If you want to learn online, go to Coursera or Treehouse and pick an option. And so on.
Don't choose an "easy" language and then struggle with the learning material - pick good learning materials first, learn how to write some simple code, and then use that knowledge to learn a more appropriate language for what you have in mind.
php on the other hand was easy to learn in notepad and run on my domain sitting on linux.
Javascript in my opinion will take longer to get up and running because the language syntax and frameworks are not as straightforward to grasp for a complete beginner.
Ruby and Python have awesome books for beginners and intermediate. I recommend Think Python by Allen Downey and Learn to Program by Chris Pine for beginners. Both are interesting, relatively small, and give you a taste of the language, and both are free.
Both Ruby and Python have frameworks (Rails and Django) that are used by many, many people making it easy to ask around if you have any questions.
C, C++, C#, Java, Python, Ruby + a ton of stuff at uni
I now mostly stick to Python. I'd say its the easiest to learn and the most fun to program in. (never thought I'd become a fanboy)
If you want to check it out, I'm writing a tutorial at http://www.teachmepython.com
You'll (hopefully) see that you can get moving real fast with Python. ;)
If you want to learn programming itself, there are very few shortcuts as you will have problems along the way if you dont have the basics down. Pick a language and dive in. I will probably take less time than you think.
Might I also suggest that you spend a few days with a few different languages; if one feels right, then go with that one. You can't get a good feel for the language without using it a bit. Best of luck!
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/699085/Some-simple-tools...
If you contrast this with Java, Java is a smaller language, but forces you to use object orientation, so you generally have to have a better understanding of abstract concepts from the beginning.
Anyway, that's two of the languages I know reasonably well. Out of those two I would go for Python.
If you are already familiar with Jquery, just make a wireframe of page writes in Javascript that show your concept.
You might even learn something while you're at it.
Once you have the concept mapped, demonstrated, and maybe shown to a potential customer, you can consider learning a more complex javascript framework that might use real data,.
Just to add to what the other folks have said, if you are looking to rapidly prototype something with a backend, perhaps using Rails with all its gems will allow you to do so. You will have to eventually learn Ruby and Rails itself though, but I am sure there are a ton of "putting it together" tutorials out there.
Just plug in the multiple pieces and you're good to go.
