Will you get your Bitcoins back?
Most of the time when a company has "unfulfilled orders" as they enter bankruptcy what happens is that what ever is left is divvied up. A company rarely has Zero Assets. In the case of MT. Gox they likely have about $4M in assets that will be sold to cover those who are owed something. Depending on who you ask that could be a few billion to a few hundred million. So let's make the napkin math easy and say they owe $500 Million and they have $5M in assets, every bitcoin you had would be paid at a penny on the dollar.
Will anyone go to jail?
Most likely not. Mt. Gox claims they were wronged, not that they stole your money. If that is true, or a bug caused them to lose your money it would be the same as if a bank was robbed prior to FDIC insurance (if they were robbed) or if the bank just invested poorly. They didn't do anything criminal. They were just stupid. Prior to FDIC putting your money in a bank meant if the bank failed your money was gone. (FDIC insures you up to $100k in a bank, but does nothing for Cryptocurrency). If Mt. Gox was a Ponzi scheme that would change this answer, but I don't hear people saying that.
What should you do if you want to get your money back?
Make sure that you are named at the bankruptcy hearing. Yes, that may mean going to Japan. If you lost $100k or more it may be worth going. There will be tiers of payback, and those who were most injured will get the most back. Someone who lost $29 is likely going to get nothing, ever. But if you lost $1m you may be able to get 10% of that back. If you lost more than $100k you may want to sue Karpeles out side of bankruptcy. While the Bankruptcy protects him from being sued for losses, it doesn't fully protect against negligence. He has personal assets. You need to talk to a lawyer about this, as the rules are complex, and your losses would have to be near catastrophic, because this would be a punitive reward, not something based on debt.
Can you sue the VC's?
Only if you think you can prove that they knew Mt. Gox was doing something illegal, that the public didn't know. Bankrolling Silk Road wouldn't count for example.
http://www.jurists.co.jp/en/topics/others_4007.html
My understanding is that Mtgox is using Minji Saisei.
Presuming that .csv files and screenshots would constitute proof of claims in a court of law is unbelievable.
That's for chapter 11, when the business is trying to stay as an ongoing concern. Lots of businesses that are bankrupt on paper still have quite a bit going for them -- if they could escape their legacy debts, they have more money coming in than going out, and it's socially good to keep the company going. Many people keep their jobs and the creditors have the best chance of becoming as whole as possible.
Mt Gox is not going to reorganize. Like Arthur Andersen after they failed to properly audit Enron's books, whether it's their fault or not they have failed at their one primary mission and no one is going to trust them ever again in a business that makes trust paramount. They are gone, dust, over. It's hard to even imagine what pieces of their corpse would be useful to other businesses, besides gox.com which is a three-letter domain name.
IANAL, and I'm especially not a bankruptcy lawyer.
MtGox will be one of the best secured exchanges after it, that's for sure - I don't count on MtGox going down at all.
