And on a totally unrelated note, pivoting off the title: I think the "failure is not an option" philosophy led to a lot of NASA's problems.
MtGox will not be bailed out because of the relative unimportance of bitcoin to the larger economy, not of any high-minded free market idealism.
Since the MtGox explosion, bitcoin prices (and therefore real purchasing power) are down by about 30%. If bitcoin were a national currency, the government would be doing everything in its power to prevent such a decline, including saving MtGox by any means possible. It would absolutely be too big to fail.
By way of comparison, Greece's economic woes drove its real purchasing power down by about 11%.
And this isn't "high-minded free market idealism". It's a practical observation. The state has given unconditional support to large financial institutions; institutions that are owned and managed for private profit. How can that possibly end well?