It's an embedded platform, running on this
http://www.futurlec.com/STMicro/STM32F103RET6.shtml
with at most 512kb flash memory
The board contains an additional 1MB memory.
It does very "simple" things and does not need an OS per se: if you look at the source code, it's basically a loop getting GPS pos and dumping them.
For comparison, here is a (incomplete/outdated) list that shows smallest footprint for a Linux system is here this:
http://elinux.org/Best_of_Embedded_Linux#Candidates
In other words: way too small to run any sort of modern day OS....(and it would be too power-hungry anyway :-) )