Sorry to disagree, but a knowledgeable camera person would never talk about a "fast f/1.4 shutter speed". A camera article, review, or blog post that said that would be loudly criticized in the comments.
The phrase just doesn't make sense - that's why I chose it as an analogy. It especially doesn't make sense as a figure of speech referring to some characteristic of the sensor.
A more sensitive and less noisy sensor may let you use a higher ISO setting and therefore allow either a faster shutter speed or a smaller aperture for the same overall exposure.
A lens with a wider aperture would allow you to use a faster shutter speed or a lower ISO with the same exposure.
Similarly, a slow shutter speed would allow you to use a smaller aperture for more depth of field, or a lower ISO setting for less noise. Or a fast shutter speed would allow you to a wider aperture to blur the background. Again all with the same overall exposure.
Aperture, shutter speed, and ISO setting are closely linked - changing any one of them will affect your overall exposure, or you can change two or all three of them in combination to get the same exposure while altering other characteristics like motion blur or depth of field.
But they are three very different things, and even in casual conversation someone who knows cameras would not mix them up.
BTW this goes way back to the film days. Shutter speed and aperture work the same now as they did then, the only difference is that you changed ISO rating by buying a new roll of film instead of turning a dial.
