Yes, in theory. What a blessing it would be if cross-compatibility was always as simple as "recompile with this as the target."
That doesn't mean you can take Chromium for Windows and recompile targeting ARM and get something that works on jailbroken WinRT. As best as I can tell nobody has gotten Chromium running, but they have gotten many other x86 applications running.
People have already tried. There's more work than that involved.