(1) You're exporting a container, not an image, so if you wanted to export your image, deploy it to a container first. Run echo or some other noop if you need to.
(2) This is similar to how git operates. You wouldn't want to examine your git commits interactively (assuming that means the ability to change them in place) well, if you did, git has --amend, but no such thing exists in Docker.
An image with a given id is supposed to be permanent and unchanging, containers change and can be re-committed, but images don't change. They just have children.
It can get hairy when you reach the image layer limit, because using up the last allowed image layer means you can't deploy to a container anymore. So, how do you export the image? 'docker save' -- but 'docker save' exports the image and all of its parent layers separately. (you need to flatten it, for example?)
I once wrote this horrible script[1] whose only purpose was unrolling this mess, since the latest image had the important state that I wanted in it, but I needed the whole image -- so, untar them all in reverse order and then you have the latest everything in a single directory that represents your image filesystem.
The horror of this script leads me to believe this is an oversight as well, but a wise docker guru probably once said "your first mistake was keeping any state in your container at all."
[1]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yebyen/urbinit/del/doit.sh