In Europe all banks are using 2FA, and it's usually based on TOTP (and enrolling the first phone is a pain usually requiring QR codes and whatnot). 17 years ago some were using smartcards as 2FA. It's doable and secure, to the point that identity theft is almost unheard of (and usually used more as a synonym of catfishing than in the American sense).
SMS is handy but it should be a last resort rather than the main second factor.
