If I understand dataflow's example correctly you don't need the Select at the end:
var x = Enumerable.Range(1,50)
.Where((num, index) => num % 4 == 1 && index % 3 == 0)
.Skip(2)
.ToArray();
That computes the same thing as their Python snippet: [25,37,49]. Of course, what this is actually computing is whether the number is congruent to 1 modulo 4 and 3 so it was a weird example, but here's how you'd really want to write it (since a number congruent to 1 modulo 4 and 3 is the same as being congruent to 1 module 12):
var x = Enumerable.Range(1,50)
.Where(num => num % 12 == 1)
.Skip(2)
.ToArray();
Rewriting that Python example to be a bit clearer for a proper one-to-one comparison:
y = [t for t in range(1, 50, 4) if t % 3 == 1][2:]
That
enumerate wrapper was unnecessary. I don't recall a way, in LINQ, to generate only every 4th number in a range, but I also haven't used C# in a few years so my memory is rusty on LINQ anyways.