The OP says mentions a report from a US Academy but the paper is published in a different journal—this wasn't clear to me at first so I thought I would share the original work.
I have memories of being quite young sitting in a relatives lap at a baseball game while they smoked. Or my coach in little league smoking a pipe in the dugout filled with 11 year olds.
For that matter, my childhood art classes almost always included making an ashtray.
The first time I ever flew as a kid, I was so excited to be on a plane! And then it turned out to be a 5 hour+ flight with negligible entertainment options and I was so bored...
And then, another dude got bored so he moved to the empty back rows of the plane and smoked for the rest of the flight, and the whole plane was suffused with the smell, and I was so sick.
Like, even those who smoke generally hate the smell of that stale second-hand smoke, especially if locked up in an enclosed space for hours.
Wow, that non-catalytically-converted smoke brings back the memories…
The ban on smoking on the Underground was after the second tube station fire when they realised it might be dangerous, there was also a football stadium that caught fire around the same time too.
The root cause seem to be a build up of rubbish, along with a cigarette but starting it.
So many tragedies in the mid-eighties UK.
> “In younger men and those over 65, the associations were weaker and generally not statistically significant,”
Remember, 5g psyllium should be taken with 20 fl oz water, mixed and consumed immediately before it gels. Do not take it two hours before or after any medicine, and do not take it if having swallowing difficulty.
If you can source clean psyllium, the bulk of it comes from India and let's say they have different standards when it comes to lead/pesticides and regulations in general
Note that psyllium is unique in that not only does it not absorb, but it also binds to everything on the way out, so the risk is low. Fwiw, I have had blood and urine tests for lead twice.
Finally, it's not as if the US is great with pesticides. We literally deliberately include PFAS in our pesticides.
“In this randomized clinical trial of 285 firefighters, both blood and plasma donations resulted in significantly lower PFAS levels than observation alone. Plasma donation was the most effective intervention, reducing mean serum perfluorooctane sulfonate levels by 2.9 ng/mL compared with a 1.1-ng/mL reduction with blood donation, a significant difference; similar changes were seen with other PFASs”
It's basically impossible to avoid this stuff unless you cook all of your meals from scratch and never eat out anywhere
Which is pretty much what you should do if you are concerned about your health at all.
Do you know what "countertop sealer" is made of? It's PFAS! Lots and lots of people rub PFAS on their food surfaces on purpose!
The stuff is everywhere even if you think you are avoiding it.
Smoking for example wasn’t believed to be particularly deadly for a surprisingly long time.
[1] born in June (** p < 0.01)
Part of the environmental/emissions argument from developing countries is about past emissions by developed countries. I think it's a fair argument to say given these sacrifices made by past generations in industrialised countries + the benefit of developed cleaner technologies through that industrialisation is an argument against that.
Used to? Lots of them still are. Right now there's 150 µg/m³ of PM2.5 outside my window, and it's a "clean" day. Yesterday's concentrations were up to 900 µg (yes, that's correct), and the highest I've seen this winter were 2000 µg (yes, this is also correct). And it keeps getting worse, recently our so-called president mentioned that coal is our strategic reserve and we won't be phasing it out any time soon.
I'm relatively sure most of the "global south" has bad air quality, even if such extreme values are rare.
Here are some random photos of a typical winter day (winter is 8 months per year):
https://pasteboard.co/d2uZDyCd2gvt.jpg
https://pasteboard.co/F1zT2VPXFPKs.webp
https://pasteboard.co/r2S12bHXxzcI.jpg
https://pasteboard.co/w7CfK2Yfaz2l.webp
London first tried to ban burning coal within the city in 1306 due to the air quality.
I was born '74. Alberta, Canada. I remember people raising a huge stink about "guvmint' interference" when leaded gasoline was banned and when seatbelt use became mandatory. And don't even get started about cigarettes and mandatory separate smoking areas at restaurants etc.
"Liberty" and "freedom" were concepts substantially abused and misapplied throughout the 20th century.
